Le fonctionnement de néologismes d’origine française dans la presse polonaise

L’objet du présent article est l’étude des emprunts néologiques de termes français employés dans les médias polonais, termes qui sont eux-mêmes assez récents dans la langue française et qui sont la manifestation des évolutions de la société, le résultat e l’apparition de nouvelles réalités mais aussi la manifestation d’une modification des manières de voir certains phénomènes ou encore l’effet du principe d’économie dans le langage. Sont étudiés des emprunts de noms et de sigles, ainsi que des néologismes par traduction. Nous étudions le niveau d’intégration morphologique des emprunts et leurs traits sémantiques. Nous nous interrogeons sur les effets stylistiques de l’emploi des emprunts. Finalement, nous soulevons la question de l’impact de l’actualité sur la circulation des ces lexies.The article aims to analyse the examples of usage of French borrowings in the Polish newspapers of the last decade. What is studied are borrowings of words which fairly recently have appeared in the French language and which name phenomena typical for the French society, thus, also becoming the subject of media. These include lexemes which reflect social transformations, which stem from an appearance of new phenomena or a novel way to see them. The term borrowing is understood in a broad sense as it also includes foreign lexemes which have been assimilated. Borrowings of nouns and acronyms have been analysed through translation. The issue of morphological and semantic assimilation of borrowings is also discussed. Moreover, the influence of connotations on stylistic effects and their usage in a Polish text is also analysed.Le présent ouvrage est financé par le CNRS (projet PICS – franco-polonais EmpNeo) et par l’Institut d’Études Romanes de l’Université de Łód

Les compétences discursives et génériques dans la traduction des contrats de droit civil français et polonais

In the process of legal translation, different rules for editing individual genres are an important issue arising from cultural differences. Therefore, translator’s discursive and generic competences affect the quality of translation. Even if the knowledge of standards of the genre of target culture does not allow their direct application in the text of translation, a comparison of generic standards facilitates proper interpretation of the source text and editing the target text, thus allowing to achieve the intended communicative objective. The purpose of this article is to compare the legal discourse in highly routinised genres such as Polish and French contracts in the field of civil law. Based on the French school of discourse analysis, the study is designed to extract meanings which are not expressed directly, but are related to the function of a given text. Particular emphasis is placed on ways of expressing the performative nature of analysed genres and interpersonal relationships.In the process of legal translation, different rules for editing individual genres are an important issue arising from cultural differences. Therefore, translator’s discursive and generic competences affect the quality of translation. Even if the knowledge of standards of the genre of target culture does not allow their direct application in the text of translation, a comparison of generic standards facilitates proper interpretation of the source text and editing the target text, thus allowing to achieve the intended communicative objective. The purpose of this article is to compare the legal discourse in highly routinised genres such as Polish and French contracts in the field of civil law. Based on the French school of discourse analysis, the study is designed to extract meanings which are not expressed directly, but are related to the function of a given text. Particular emphasis is placed on ways of expressing the performative nature of analysed genres and interpersonal relationships

Les sigles français et polonais : entre noms propres et noms communs. L’impact de la valeur sémantique des sigles sur leur traduction

Acronyms are lexical units that have been thoroughly explored in terms of their morphology or pronunciation. However, their semantic value has not been entirely determined yet. The present paper aims at investigating the manner in which a semantic value of an acronym, and particularly a difference between proper and common acronyms, influences techniques applied to translating them. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, on the basis of the cognitive theory of proper names, the authors have distinguished Polish and French acronyms being ergonyms as well as acronyms belonging to proper names and these designating item classification. The paper concerns the analysis of both Polish and French translations of ergonyms in foreign language press and French common acronyms in the Polish press. The performed analysis allows observing a tendency towards transferring acronymsergonyms that play the role of a rigid designator rather than full names in the target text. By contrast, the techniques of translating common acronyms differ, depending on whether they designate phenomena typical of the source culture or universal ones.Acronyms are lexical units that have been thoroughly explored in terms of their morphology or pronunciation. However, their semantic value has not been entirely determined yet. The present paper aims at investigating the manner in which a semantic value of an acronym, and particularly a difference between proper and common acronyms, influences techniques applied to translating them. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, on the basis of the cognitive theory of proper names, the authors have distinguished Polish and French acronyms being ergonyms as well as acronyms belonging to proper names and these designating item classification. The paper concerns the analysis of both Polish and French translations of ergonyms in foreign language press and French common acronyms in the Polish press. The performed analysis allows observing a tendency towards transferring acronymsergonyms that play the role of a rigid designator rather than full names in the target text. By contrast, the techniques of translating common acronyms differ, depending on whether they designate phenomena typical of the source culture or universal ones

Les traces du traducteur dans le discours de presse

The interlocutory dialogicality of press discourse manifests itself, among other things, in the use of common expressions that give the impression that “it is the language that speaks, not its users” (Bonhomme, 2012, p. 77). Euphemisms, for example, are used to raise difficult or polemic inducing issues, such as poverty, exclusion, war, politics, etc. Meanwhile, expressions that have become common in the source language, and are consistent with generally accepted norms, do not always remain transparent during the translation process. Depending on the translator’s choices, the phrases used in the target text can have various effects, ranging from the erasure of sensitive topics, to their hyperbolization. The subject of the paper is the comparison of articles published in the French monthly Le Monde diplomatique and their translations, which appeared on the pages of the Polish edition of this periodical. Its aim is to reveal the traces of the translator’s presence, visible through his or her ways of interpreting euphemistic phrases, or toning down harsh expressions.The interlocutory dialogicality of press discourse manifests itself, among other things, in the use of common expressions that give the impression that “it is the language that speaks, not its users” (Bonhomme, 2012, p. 77). Euphemisms, for example, are used to raise difficult or polemic inducing issues, such as poverty, exclusion, war, politics, etc. Meanwhile, expressions that have become common in the source language, and are consistent with generally accepted norms, do not always remain transparent during the translation process. Depending on the translator’s choices, the phrases used in the target text can have various effects, ranging from the erasure of sensitive topics, to their hyperbolization. The subject of the paper is the comparison of articles published in the French monthly Le Monde diplomatique and their translations, which appeared on the pages of the Polish edition of this periodical. Its aim is to reveal the traces of the translator’s presence, visible through his or her ways of interpreting euphemistic phrases, or toning down harsh expressions

Skrótowce w polskim i francuskim dyskursie prasowym

The purpose of the article is to describe the functioning of acronyms in Polish and French press texts. The acronyms present in both Polish and French press discourse are generally used differently as disparate semantic categories. Even though the organizational acronyms dominate the discourses, in the French texts other categories are also visible. The theories and methods of word-formation of both languages were used in the work. Using acronyms is obviously symptomatic for linguistic tendencies to economize on means of expression, however, a study of their discursive usage allows to differentiate lexical acronyms with a meaning different than that of the full name. Moreover, acronyms also function as stylistic devices equivalent to euphemism or hyperbole.L’objectif de cet article est de décrire le fonctionnement des sigles en français et en polonais. Bien qu’ils soient présents dans les deux langues, les sigles dans les deux langues ne recouvrent pas les mêmes catégories sémantiques. Dans son étude, l’auteur fait référence aux outils méthodologiques de la néologie lexicale contemporaine. Le procédé de siglaison répond certes au souci d’économie dans le langage, toutefois une étude des emplois des sigles dans le discours de la presse permet de dégager leurs autres fonctions. Ainsi, certains sigles, par glissement de sens, manifestent une autonomie sémantique par rapport à leur source. D’autres se prêtent à des emplois figuratifs, euphémiques ou hyperboliques et sont sujets à des polémiques.Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, że zarówno francuski, jak i polski dyskurs prasowy charakteryzują się użyciem skrótowców, jednak te ostatnie różnią się pod względem kategorii semantycznych.Chociaż w obu dyskursach dominują skrótowce od nazw organizacji, to w tekstach francuskich są obecne także akronimy innych kategorii. W pracy zostały wykorzystane teorie i metody słowotwórstwaobu języków. Stosowanie form abrewiacyjnych jest przejawem tendencji języka do ekonomiczności, ale obserwacja ich funkcjonowania w tekstach prasowych pozwala wyodrębnić także inne efekty stylistyczne i pragmatyczne. Można wyróżnić skrótowce  zleksykalizowane o znaczeniu innym od znaczenia ich rozwinięcia. Niektóre z nich służą za eufemizmy, inne wpływają na hiperbolizację wypowiedzi lub stają się przedmiotem polemiki